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    Learn more about transgenerational trauma

    Transgenerational trauma, also called intergenerational trauma, refers to the ways in which the psychological effects of traumatic experiences in one generation can be carried and expressed by subsequent generations. A person may develop emotional patterns, relational difficulties, or areas of distress that reflect the unprocessed experiences of their parents, grandparents, or earlier ancestors, even when those events occurred before they were born. The best-evidenced transmission mechanisms are psychological and relational: parents who experienced trauma may struggle with emotional regulation, consistent attunement, or the ability to tolerate closeness, shaping the attachment development and stress responses of their children. Research is also exploring epigenetic mechanisms, though these remain under active scientific investigation. Transgenerational trauma is not a distinct DSM-5 diagnosis but is a clinically recognised framework within trauma-informed and systemic approaches.

    Transgenerational patterns can be difficult to identify precisely because they feel like a baseline rather than something acquired.

    Common signs

    • Anxiety, grief, or fear that does not have a clear origin in your own personal history
    • Relational patterns that repeat across generations in your family
    • Family silences around specific events, periods, or losses that were never discussed but feel present
    • A felt sense of carrying something that was not originally yours, without being able to name what it is
    • Emotional responses to particular themes, places, or stories that feel disproportionate to your personal connection to them
    • Difficulty with specific aspects of closeness, safety, or trust that mirrors patterns in a parent or grandparent

    Other common experiences

    • Complex PTSD or PTSD symptoms without a clear traumatic event in your own history
    • A sense of loyalty or obligation toward earlier generations that shapes your choices or sense of freedom
    • Intrusive thoughts or images connected to family history
    Only a qualified therapist experienced in transgenerational work can assess whether a transgenerational frame is clinically relevant for your specific situation. If you are experiencing thoughts of self-harm or suicide, please contact a crisis line or your nearest emergency service.

    Transgenerational trauma is addressed through approaches that can work with inherited patterns, family systems, and the deeper layers of relational and somatic experience.
    • Systemic therapy Systemic therapy works with the family as a system across generations, exploring how patterns, roles, and unspoken narratives are transmitted and maintained, and supporting their transformation.
    • Trauma informed care Trauma-informed care provides the foundational framework for working with inherited trauma, prioritising safety, pacing, and the individual's sense of control throughout.
    • EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing) EMDR can be adapted to work with material that is experienced as inherited rather than directly lived, helping to process and reduce the emotional charge of transgenerational experiences.
    • Psychodynamic therapy Psychodynamic approaches explore the unconscious transmission of family patterns and unresolved experience across generations, working toward greater differentiation and self-understanding.
    • IFS (Internal Family Systems) IFS works with the internal parts that carry transgenerational material, including parts that have taken on the burdens of earlier generations, supporting their release and integration.
    Choosing an approach isn't something you have to do alone. IC's matching can pair you with a therapist whose approach suits your situation. Get matched.

    It's Complicated is a therapist-founded mental health platform connecting clients with verified practitioners across Europe and globally, in over 60 languages. We work with over 2,500 vetted therapists, with in-person availability in Berlin, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Lisbon, Vienna, and other major cities, alongside online sessions worldwide. It's Complicated is free to use, and you pay your chosen therapist directly at rates they set. Finding a therapist who understands transgenerational transmission and can work with both individual and systemic dimensions of the experience requires a specific kind of search. Our matching service is built to remove that friction. You complete a short survey, our psychologists combine data-driven insights with human judgement to identify the right therapists for your situation, and you choose from a shortlist of strong candidates. You can also browse our directory directly if you'd prefer to choose yourself. Get matched with a therapist who specialises in transgenerational trauma, or browse the directory.
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    Related topics

    Mental health is rarely just one thing, and different topics often go hand in hand. If you're exploring help with transgenerational trauma, these areas might be worth a look too.
    Trauma
    Trauma
    Complex PTSD
    Complex PTSD
    Attachment
    Attachment
    Adoption & fostering
    Adoption & fostering
    PTSD
    PTSD

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    FAQs about transgenerational trauma

    Transgenerational trauma, also called intergenerational trauma, refers to the ways in which the psychological effects of traumatic experiences in one generation can be transmitted to subsequent generations. Personal trauma is directly experienced by the individual. Transgenerational trauma is transmitted through parenting behaviour, attachment patterns, family communication, and the modelling of stress responses, meaning a person may carry the emotional and relational legacy of experiences they never lived through directly.

    The best-evidenced mechanisms are psychological and relational: parents who experienced trauma may struggle with emotional regulation, closeness, or consistent attunement, which shapes the attachment and nervous system development of their children. Family silences, unspoken narratives, and the emotional climate of the home also play a role. Research is also exploring epigenetic mechanisms, the idea that stress responses may be biologically transmitted, though this remains an active area of scientific investigation.

    Transgenerational transmission is worth considering when your emotional responses, relational patterns, or areas of inexplicable distress seem disconnected from your own life history but resemble the experiences or stories in your family. This might include anxiety or grief that does not have a clear personal origin, repetition of relational patterns across generations, or a felt sense of carrying something that was not originally yours. Therapy can help clarify whether a transgenerational frame is useful.

    It's Complicated can match you with therapists experienced in transgenerational and complex trauma. You complete a short survey about what you are looking for, and our psychologists identify suitable practitioners available online or in person. You can also browse the directory to find therapists who list trauma, systemic therapy, or family systems as areas of experience.

    Working through transgenerational trauma in therapy can interrupt the patterns of transmission, reducing the likelihood that unprocessed experiences are passed on to the next generation. This is one of the most meaningful potential effects of this kind of work: not only personal healing but the breaking of a cycle. Family therapy or systemic approaches can also involve the wider family system where appropriate.

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